Muscle forces than in other Reptilia (e.g. crocodylians). Extra information on knee conformation and locomotion in reptiles would test this apparent correlation. Our observations around the lack of patella in Chamaeleonidae prompted this hypothesis, but we will have to mention that an observation by Pearson Davin contradicts our data: they noted an ossified patella in C. chamaeleon. Other observations from this species sesamoid in the proximal fibula, lack of lunulae and fabellae also don’t match our personal. It can be doable that the specimen was skeletally immature, plus the `patella’ and `sesamoid’ were truly unfused epiphyseal ossifications. Even so, Chamaeleonidae are a large clade and there may well be unnoticed diversity; a lot more research are necessary. A different aim of our study was greater to characterise the morphology and composition of the patella in lepidosaurs. The bony patella is formed by endochondral ossification inABFig. Histology of other regions of interest within the patellar tendon of squamates. (A) Patellar tendon of Chamaeleo sp. with an expanded C 87 chemical information region containing lots of chondrocyte-like cells (asterisk) in the approximate place of the ossified patella in other squamates (the distal femur is visible within the bottom left on the image in addition to a calcified lunula is inside the bottom appropriate). (B) A `suprapatellar’ area composed of cartilagelike tissue was observed in some lizards like Tiliqua, closely attached to the proximal pole with the ossified patella (arrow). The Authors. Journal of Anatomy published by John Wiley Sons Ltd on behalf of Anatomical Society.The patella in lizards and tuatara, S. Regnault et al.Fig. Parsimony ancestral state reconstruction more than a composite lepidosaur tree built from Reeder et al. for key 24-Hydroxycholesterol site topology and Pyron et al. for genus branch order. Inset: simplified representation of the reconstruction more than a morphologically derived tree (based on Gauthier et al.) achieves a equivalent result basally (patella is ancestral for Squamata). Clade A Dactyloidae + Polychrotidae + Phrynosomatidae + Opluridae + Leiosauridae + Liolaemidae + Tropiduridae + Iguanidae + Leiocephalidae + Crotaphytidae + Corytophanidae + Hoplocercidae; Clade B Agamidae + Chamaeleonidae; Clade C Anguidae; Clade D Gymnophthalmidae + Teiidae; Clade E Lacertidae; Clade F Scincoidea; Clade G Gekkota; Clade H Rhynchocephalia.birds and mammals, but we’ve located that this doesn’t normally seem to be the case in Lepidosauria. In some lizards there was proof of a calcifying hyaline anlage,but in others PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19177148?dopt=Abstract there appeared to be direct mineralisation (i.e. calcification or ossification) of the tendon (which frequently contained chondrocyte-like cells diffusely, in modest clusters The Authors. Journal of Anatomy published by John Wiley Sons Ltd on behalf of Anatomical Society. The patella in lizards and tuatara, S. Regnault et al.or rows). This tissue resembles fibrocartilage (like that noted inside the quadriceps tendon by Clark Stechschulte,), and is also consistent with the `fibrovesicular tissue’ or `tendino-vesicular tissue’ described by Haines (,). Like Haines’ observations, our study 
specimens recommend that this tissue is often replaced by bone, although with our static histological sampling we could not confirm that ossification was generally the inevitable mature morphology. Composition of your patella was usually mixed (calcified hyaline cartilage, calcified tendon with chondrocyte-like cells, andor bone tissue; Table) which could suggest progression, but quite a few seemingly matu.Muscle forces than in other Reptilia (e.g. crocodylians). A lot more data on knee conformation and locomotion in reptiles would test this apparent correlation. Our observations around the lack of patella in Chamaeleonidae prompted this hypothesis, but we will have to mention that an observation by Pearson Davin contradicts our data: they noted an ossified patella in C. chamaeleon. Other observations from this species sesamoid in the proximal fibula, lack of lunulae and fabellae also usually do not match our personal. It is probable that the specimen was skeletally immature, as well as the `patella’ and `sesamoid’ were really unfused epiphyseal ossifications. Nonetheless, Chamaeleonidae are a sizable clade and there may possibly be unnoticed diversity; extra research are required. Yet another aim of our study was greater to characterise the morphology and composition of the patella in lepidosaurs. The bony patella is formed by endochondral ossification inABFig. Histology of other regions of interest within the patellar tendon of squamates. (A) Patellar tendon of Chamaeleo sp. with an expanded region containing a lot of chondrocyte-like cells (asterisk) at the approximate location on the ossified patella in other squamates (the distal femur is visible inside the bottom left on the image along with a calcified lunula is in the bottom right). (B) A `suprapatellar’ region composed of cartilagelike tissue was observed in some lizards like Tiliqua, closely attached for the proximal pole with the ossified patella (arrow). The Authors. Journal of Anatomy published by John Wiley Sons Ltd on behalf of Anatomical Society.The patella in lizards and tuatara, S. Regnault et al.Fig. Parsimony ancestral state reconstruction more than a composite lepidosaur tree built from Reeder et al. for most important topology and Pyron et al. for genus branch order. Inset: simplified representation with the reconstruction over a morphologically derived tree (based on Gauthier et al.) achieves a similar outcome basally (patella is ancestral for Squamata). Clade A Dactyloidae + Polychrotidae + Phrynosomatidae + Opluridae + Leiosauridae + Liolaemidae + Tropiduridae + Iguanidae + Leiocephalidae + Crotaphytidae + Corytophanidae + Hoplocercidae; Clade B Agamidae + Chamaeleonidae; Clade C Anguidae; Clade D Gymnophthalmidae + Teiidae; Clade 
E Lacertidae; Clade F Scincoidea; Clade G Gekkota; Clade H Rhynchocephalia.birds and mammals, but we’ve found that this doesn’t usually appear to be the case in Lepidosauria. In some lizards there was evidence of a calcifying hyaline anlage,but in others PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19177148?dopt=Abstract there appeared to be direct mineralisation (i.e. calcification or ossification) from the tendon (which usually contained chondrocyte-like cells diffusely, in little clusters The Authors. Journal of Anatomy published by John Wiley Sons Ltd on behalf of Anatomical Society. The patella in lizards and tuatara, S. Regnault et al.or rows). This tissue resembles fibrocartilage (like that noted in the quadriceps tendon by Clark Stechschulte,), and can also be constant with the `fibrovesicular tissue’ or `tendino-vesicular tissue’ described by Haines (,). Like Haines’ observations, our study specimens recommend that this tissue is in some cases replaced by bone, although with our static histological sampling we couldn’t confirm that ossification was always the inevitable mature morphology. Composition with the patella was frequently mixed (calcified hyaline cartilage, calcified tendon with chondrocyte-like cells, andor bone tissue; Table) which could suggest progression, but several seemingly matu.
