Could have a program consisting of only one decision node purposeful
Could have a program consisting of only one decision node purposeful choice. This would measure out to be one “fit” of FSC, or FI [25,26], assuming the bit marker provides opportunity for one functional binary programming decision to be recorded there.AlgorithmsIn order to determine if algorithms exist in biological systems, we need to define what PubMed ID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28242652 an algorithm is. There are many definitions to describe algorithms. We choose to limit these definitions to those that most closely describe the algorithms used in computer science as defined in the background section above. We emphasize that this approach is justified by the analogous relationship that exists between a) computer functions, logic and code to b) linear discrete states and genetic code [10-12,14] that define biological systems seen in the DNA/RNA environment. An Algorithm is a set of rules or procedures that precisely defines a finite sequence of operations [27]. An algorithm starts with an input, initial state and produces an output [47]. Biological machines such as the ribosome input already algorithmically edited mRNA (PI) to operate upon, however an algorithm like a digital filter can have as its input, physical data, the nature of which may be some measured response from physicality (non PI). An algorithm can input either kind of data. These instructions prescribe a computation or action that, when executed, will proceed through a finite number of well-defined states either successively or recursively that leads to specific outcomes [47,48]. Most algorithms terminate at some final state but may also continuously loop producing outputs, as long as the system in which it resides is active. In this context an algorithm can be represented as: Algorithm = logic + control; where the logic component expresses rules, operations, axioms and coherent instructions. These instructions may be used in the computation and control, while decision-making Valsartan/sacubitrilMedChemExpress LCZ696 components determines the way in which deduction is applied to the axioms[49] according to the rules as it applies to instructions. In order to illustrate biological algorithms, we propose an algorithm representing the well-documented ribosome. A ribosome is a biological machine consisting of nearly 200 proteins (assembly factors) that assist in assembly operations, along with 4 RNA molecules and 78 ribosomal proteins that compose a mature ribosome [50]. This complex of proteins and RNAs collectively produce a new function that is greater than the individual functionality of proteins and RNAs that compose it. The DNA (source data), RNA (edited mRNA), large and small RNA components of ribosomal RNA, ribosomal protein, tRNA, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase enzymes, and “manufactured” protein (ribosome output) are part of this one way, irreversible bridge contained in the central dogma of molecular biology [51] as shown in Figure 1 below.D’Onofrio et al. Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling 2012, 9:8 http://www.tbiomed.com/content/9/1/Page 13 ofFigure 1 Protein (peptide sequence).The reason for the Central Dogma is ultimately mathematical, as Hubert Yockey points out [39]. The principle is not unique to molecular biology. The irreversible bridge of the Central Dogma is consistent with the one-way Configurable Switch (CS) Bridge that traverses the Cybernetic Cut [5,13,23] Formalisms’ only access into physicality is to cross the CS Bridge from the far (formal) side of The Cybernetic Cut to the near (physical) side. Mathematically, there is no wa.
