He final manuscript.AcknowledgementsThis work was supported by a research grant (NSC95-2314-B-038-014MY2) from the National Science Council of Taiwan.Figure 8 denbinobin-induced of the apoptotic pathway involved in Schematic summary A549 cell apoptosis Schematic summary of the apoptotic pathway involved in denbinobin-induced A549 cell apoptosis. Denbinobin caused Akt inactivation, leading to Bad dephosphorylation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and subsequent cell apoptosis. Denbinobin also activated ASK1 through ROS generation to cause JNK/AP-1 activation, which in turn induced Bim expression, ultimately resulting in A549 cell apoptosis.
Bhavsar et al. Journal of Biomedical Science 2010, 17(Suppl 1):S19 http://www.jbiomedsci.com/content/17/S1/SREVIEWOpen AccessProtective action of taurine, given as a pretreatment or as a posttreatment, against endotoxin-induced acute lung inflammation in hamstersTapan M Bhavsar, Sanket N Patel, Cesar A Lau-Cam* From 17th International Meeting of Taurine Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA. 14-19 DecemberAbstract To assess the effect of taurine on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis, female Golden Syrian hamsters were intratracheally instilled with bacterial LPS (0.02 mg in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) pH 7.4), before or after a 3-day intraperitoneal treatment with a single dose of taurine (50 mg/kg/day in PBS pH 7.4), and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue samples were collected at 24 hr after the last treatment. In comparison to BALF samples from animals receiving only PBS pH 7.4, and serving as controls, those of LPS-stimulated animals exhibited a higher count of both total leukocytes and neutrophils and increased expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1. In comparison to lungs from control animals, those from LPS-treated animals showed increased cellular apoptosis, lipid peroxidation, decreased glutathione levels, altered activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase) and focal inflammation confined to the parenchyma. A treatment with taurine was found to significantly attenuate all these alterations, with the protection being, in all instances, greater when given before rather than after LPS. The present results suggest that taurine is endowed with antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties that are protective in the lung against the deleterious actions of Gram negative bacterial endotoxin. Background Acute lung injury (ALI) is a characteristic sequel to infection by Gram negative bacteria and an important cause of morbidity and mortality in humans [1]. A common causative factor of ALI is lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an endotoxin present in the bacterial outer membrane [2]. Typical manifestations of ALI are alveolar and airway inflammatory response [3,4], the presence of inflammatory cells and proteinaceous fluid in air spaces [5,6], increased microvascular permeability due to endothelial barrier disruption [7,8], bronchoalveolar cell death [9],* Correspondence: [email protected] Contributed equally Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John’s University, College of Pharmacy PubMed ID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27362935 and Allied Health Professions, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Luteolin 7-glucoside solubility Jamaica, New York 11439, USA Full list of author information is available at the end of the articleand cellular changes suggestive of lung inflammation and/or injury [10]. One major contributory factor to the pathogenesis of ALI is the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
