Erving white sandy beaches around the tourist island of Bora Bora, the sturdy human density and rarity of inhabitable places in the steep inner components from the island make coastal erosion a major challenge on Bora Bora, in particular within the context of increasing human populations around the island [14]. There’s a really need to adapt lifestyles and public infrastructures to the altering climate, sea level rise, and much more frequent and intense storm surges and swell [20]. There has to be incentives to encourage islanders to move additional inland when possible and revegetate the shorelines instead of fight a losing fight against erosion and aggravate the problem. D-Isoleucine Epigenetic Reader Domain Communicating with the public, creating management plans, and stabilising the coastline with nature-based solutions are necessary to tackle the challenge head-on in Bora Bora and in similar contexts worldwide.Remote Sens. 2021, 13,17 of5. Conclusions High-resolution aerial photos of Bora Bora obtained from 1955 to 2019 highlighted the comprehensive coastal urbanisation undergone by the island because the mid-20th century. While quays and embankments have been scarce within the 1950s, they represent 61 of the shoreline these days. This transition away from all-natural shorelines is accompanied by modified sedimentary regimes, and outcomes in enhanced coastal erosion. Within the context of climate transform and rising demographic pressure, preserving shoreline stability on little Pacific islands, exactly where most constructions are positioned inside meters of the sea, is vital for livelihoods. The long-term impact of coastal modifications on erosional processes on Bora Bora indicated by the aerial imagery series highlight the require for proactive neighborhood management, with all the removal of embankments and restoration of all-natural shoreline types, notably of vegetation possessing robust root systems capable of stabilising sediments.Author Contributions: Conceptualization, E.G., A.C., D.J. and D.L.; formal analysis, E.G.; funding acquisition, D.L.; investigation, E.G.; methodology, E.G., A.C., D.J. and F.D.; resources, T.M., Y.R. and L.L.; software, A.C. and D.J.; supervision, A.C., D.J. and D.L.; validation, A.C., D.J., T.M., Y.R., L.L. and D.L.; writing–original draft, E.G.; writing–review and editing, E.G., A.C., F.D., M.J. and D.L. All authors have read and agreed for the published version with the manuscript. Funding: This operate has received numerous grants: Fondation de France (2019-08602), Minist e de l’Economie verte et du domaine-D ation la recherche de Polyn ie fran ise (contrat N3622 MED-EPHE), Workplace Fran is de la Biodiversit(AFB/2019/385-OFB.20.0888), Polyn ienne des Eaux, ANR-19-CE34-0006-Manini, ANR-19-CE14-0010-SENSO, the Rhui Forum and Ressource Center a supported by Bloomberg’s Philanthropy. Institutional Overview Board Statement: Not applicable. Informed Consent Statement: Not applicable. Information Availability Statement: The data presented in this study are openly out there in FigShare at doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.17048672. Acknowledgments: We would like to thank the employees of Section Cadastre-Topographie de la path des affaires fonci es (DAF) de Polyn ie-Fran ise for supplying the satellite images, at the same time as the staff of `Polyn ienne des Eaux’ and of your Mairie of Bora Bora for their assist within the field. We also thank the Earth and Biodiversity Science Graduate Program of PSL UniversitParis (PG EABIS). Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Copyright: 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Thi.
