Ercospora species in our collection, we employed GBS for 155 isolates (Figure S1) and confirmed the identity of 28 isolates in the collection by sequencing the elongation factor-1 gene. Lastly, Cereblon Inhibitor Compound Pfcyp51 sequences of 265 isolates served as a third confirmation. All these isolates have been identified as P. fijiensis. Therefore, we assume that the isolates with the complete international collection have been appropriately identified according to classical morphology and ascospore germination patterns (data not shown). The GBS analysis employed hierarchical clustering according to 6586 polymorphic DArTseq markers and identified a clear clustering pattern reflecting the geographical origin in the P. fijiensis isolates, which was independent with the degree of sensitivity to DMIs (Figure S1). P. fijiensis DMI sensitivity The P. fijiensis collection was tested for sensitivity against the DMIs difenoconazole, epoxiconazole and propiconazole (Table S1). Normally, we observed a cross-resistance in between these fungicides as shown in Figure S2(A) where the raw log2(EC50) fitted versus estimates illustrates this as a good band. The FW model, applying the fungicides parameter, expressed the sensitivity of each and every fungicide toward all isolates with an explanatory power of P 0.001. Figure S2(B) Caspase 3 Inhibitor Synonyms depicts the FW model with three lines: the isolate mean responses to each fungicide. The model shows a clear distinction amongst difenoconazole as well as the two other fungicides (whose lines are nearly parallel). Therefore, the structure of the populations determined by their sensitivity response (resistant, tolerant, or sensitive) might differ amongst merchandise (Figures S2B and S3). A summary with the general sensitivity category by fungicide is shown in Table S2. Pretty much all P. fijiensis isolates from Costa Rica belong towards the resistant category–with highest recorded EC50 values–and a minority was classified as tolerant for difenoconazole (1.87 ), epoxiconazole (two.08 ) and propiconazole (0.94 ), whereas no sensitive isolates have been observed (Table S2). Similarly, the Philippines and Colombia also show a high incidence of resistant isolates for difenoconazole (58.16 and 71.43 ), epoxiconazole (54.08 and 48.98 ) and propiconazole (72.45 and 69.39 ). By contrast, most isolates from Ecuador have been classified as tolerant for difenoconazole (53.47 ), epoxiconazole (52.48 ) and propiconazole (53.47 ). In Cameroon, several isolates have been tolerant for difenoconazole (44.57 ) and epoxiconazole (50 ), however the sensitivity for propiconazole was nearly equally distributed among resistant (39.13 ), tolerant (27.17 ) and sensitive (33.70 ) strains. Inside the Dominican Republic, numerous strains displayed resistance to difenoconazole (44 ) and propiconazole (52 ), but most isolates were only tolerant to epoxiconazole (52 ). A comprehensive description of distribution across sensitivity classes is shown in Figures 1, S2 and S3 and Tables 2 and S3. The lowest EC50 values had been observed in isolates from Guadalupe, Martinique and Cameroon. All isolates from untreated areas in Cameroon, Colombia and Ecuador were sensitive (Figure 1 and Table S2), whereas all other isolates from these nations showed an practically continuous range of EC50 values (Figure 1 and Table S2).wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/ps2021 The Authors. Pest Manag Sci 2021; 77: 3273288 Pest Management Science published by John Wiley Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Market.Azole resistance inside the black Sigatoka pathogen of bananawww.soci.orgFIGURE 1. Observed sensitivity differences to.
