L distance of approximately 0.1 Mb in the ss715648681 marker, which was also detected in our study. The Pv10 chromosome showed a substantial SNP, ss715645508, positioned at a distance of 0.001 Mb from the Phvul.010G137000 gene (SNARE-like superfamily protein). This gene may perhaps be regarded as a novel determinant of salinity/drought tolerance as well as a potential candidate to increase salinity and drought tolerance in crop plants [109]. Erfatpour et al. [110] identified a QTL within this similar genomic region among 39.97 Mb and 40.29 Mb, with forty candidate genes linked with non-darkening (ND) in seed coat color at 1.six Mb from the important marker in our study. Linkage mapping reported genomic regions associated with Fop Mite Inhibitor web resistance to race 04 [23]. The authors identified substantial markers positioned on Pv03, Pv10, and Pv11, and a QTL of greater impact that explained 63.5 from the phenotypic variance on Pv10. A SCAR marker (U20.750) linked to this QTL was created, with evaluation in AndeanGenes 2021, 12,15 ofand Mesoamerican germplasm, and also the marker had higher accuracy in Mesoamerican accessions [111]. Gene annotation permitted the identification of candidate genes connected with putative effects in disease-resistance mechanisms (R), for instance a cluster of 20 candidate genes annotated as “leucine-rich repeat-containing protein” (LRR), with distances from 0.03 Mb from the Phvul.011G200300 gene up to 0.39 Mb in the Phvul.011G203100 gene positioned close towards the ss715648096 marker on Pv11 linked with DSR and AUDPC for UFV01 (Table 4). The area of 51.50 Mb related together with the substantial ss715648096 marker on Pv11 corroborates prior research, and the area becoming related with other crucial fungal diseases of frequent bean, such as anthracnose, by the association of marker S11_51790295 to race 73 of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (the anthracnose pathogen), positioned at a distance of about 0.20 Mb [112]. The identification of LRR receptor-like protein kinases (PK) and their role in adaptive choice supports prior literature indicating a co-evolution of typical bean plus the anthracnose fungus [44,113]. The GWAS from the Mesoamerican panel also revealed the S11_50585184 marker at 0.91 Mb from the ss715648096 marker related with Fop that’s associated with the Phvul.011G 192400 (NBS-LRR with typical NB-ARC domain) gene linked with Rhizoctonia solani resistance on Pv11 [36]. The response to diverse soil illnesses might be since the NB-ARC domain consists of a functional ATPase region that regulates the resistance, and this domain interacts with all the nucleotide-binding domain so as to exchange the nucleotides which can be related with activating ATPase change, which, in turn, reshapes to NB-ARC ATPase and alters resistance specificity plus the possibility that the LRR interacts with comparable elicitors from each pathogens [114,115]. Hoyos-Villegas et al. [116] used the GWAS procedure for wilting score associated with drought-tolerant genotypes and reported 1 PDE4 Inhibitor supplier significant association at the SNP ss715639678, that is situated at the end of Pv11, inside a area that was located to be in higher LD, with 1131 genes. Also, gene ontology enrichment evaluation revealed 19 biological processes and 30 molecular functions that were significantly related. Myers et al. [117], applying GWAS for getting markers associated with total phenolic content (TPC), identified 11 QTNs linked with TPC, especially the SNP ss715650328 at 52.96 Mb on Pv11. Several bio.
