ate [5]. Biotransformation utilizing microorganisms has benefits over standard chemical synthesis on account of its environmental acceptability, stereo- and regio-selectivity, and mild situations [8]. It might be employed as an alternative to chemical synthesis for generation and optimization of lead compounds in drug discovery and improvement [9]. Moreover, microorganisms possess the capability to mimic mammalian metabolism as their expression of enzymes that happen to be homologous to phase I and II xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes for example cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, UDP-glucuronosyltransferases, aryl sulfotransferases, and glutathione S-transferases [102]. Licorice is among the most D2 Receptor Modulator Formulation well-liked medicinal plants that has been applied as a remedy for cough, gastric ulcer, inflammation, abdominal discomfort, cardiovascular illnesses, and cancer because ancient time [13]. The major constituent glycyrrhizin and its aglycone glycyrrhetinic acid are also utilized in modern medicine. On the other hand, the phenolic constituents of licorice have already been implicated in health-beneficial effects, particularly in stomach ulcers. It has been reported that the phenolic constituents of licorice have pharmacological effects for health [14]. Even so, little is known on the biotransformation and cytotoxicity of these health promoting phenolic compounds. Within this study, two licorice isoflavonoids licoisoflavanone (1) and glycyrrhisoflavone (2) have been isolated from licorice, and two licorice chalcones echinatin (three) and isobavachalconePublisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to CYP11 Inhibitor manufacturer jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.Copyright: 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access write-up distributed under the terms and conditions in the Inventive Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 10109. doi.org/10.3390/ijmsmdpi/journal/ijmsInt. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, x FOR PEER REVIEW2 ofInt. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22,2 ofIn this study, two licorice isoflavonoids licoisoflavanone (1) and glycyrrhisoflavone (two) have been isolated from licorice, and two licorice chalcones echinatin (three) and isobavachalcone (four) have been synthesized. To expand the diversity of phenolic compounds, 1 (4) have been synthesized. To expand the diversity of phenolic compounds, 1 had been topic were subject to biotransformation. Twelve new (5, 107 and 19) and five known (8, 9, to biotransformation. Twelve new (5, 107 and 19) and 5 recognized (eight, 9, 18, 20 and 18, 20 and 21) metabolites have been identified and their structures have been characterized by spec21) metabolites have been identified and their structures were characterized by spectroscopic troscopic techniques. Each of the compounds have been evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against solutions. All of the compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against human human cancer cell lines A375P, A549 and MCF-7. cancer cell lines A375P, A549 and MCF-7. two. Benefits and Discussion two. Final results and Discussion 2.1. Biotransformation of Two Isoflavonoids, Licoisoflavanone (1) and Glycyrrhisoflavone (2) two.1. Biotransformation of Two Isoflavonoids, Licoisoflavanone (1) and Glycyrrhisoflavone (two) with having a. KCCM 60332 A. niger niger KCCM 60332 Biotransformation licoisoflavanone (1) by the selected fungal strain niger KCCM Biotransformation of licoisoflavanone (1) by the selected fungal strain A.A. niger KCCM 60332produced a single new hydroxylated metabolite 5. Biotransformation of glycyrrhi
