F the acceleration signal. Greater widths, represent greater dispersion and greater variability of the gait pattern. A graphic-based analysis that plots the angular position of a segment against the angular velocity of the same segment. Relative phase analysis provides a measure of the coordination MK-5172 clinical trials between two adjoining segments (e.g. pelvic and trunk) and the overall stability of this pattern. Stable walking has step times that are approximately half the length of the gait cycle (i.e. 180?of a 360?cycle). Deviation from this expectation is considered an inaccuracy. The PCI is a summary measure that combines this value representing the accuracy with the coefficient of variation, representing consistency, hence the PCI is considered a measure of gait coordination. The SIindex compares movements from one side (e.g. injured) to the other side (e.g. uninjured). Perfect symmetry is represented by zero and larger numbers represent more asymmetry. Mean swing time is calculated for both left and right legs. Gait asymmetry is the natural log (ln) of the swing time of the leg with the shortest swing time divided by the swing time of the leg with the longer swing time. Values closer to zero represent a symmetrical movement pattern. Measures the relationship between discrete values obtained from the left and right side and is derived when the right-side value is plotted against the left-side value to create a line that forms an angle with the x-axis. Angles that deviate from 45?represent some degree of asymmetry. Ratio of the maximum angular velocity of the left leg (averaged over all gait cycles) to maximum angular velocity of the right leg (averaged over all gait cycles). Values that are closer to zero represent better symmetry between the left and right sides of the body. Translated data from the left and right sides of the body are used to derive eigenvectors. Trend symmetry assesses the ratio of the variability about the eigenvector (y-axis) to the variability along the eigenvector (x-axis). A value of zero represents perfect symmetry. Applies a latency corrected ensemble average (LCEA) to assess the correlation between the magnitudes of the signals collected from the left and right sides of the body using a crosscorrelation approach. Larger values represent a greater degree of symmetry. Fractal measures provide an indication of the complexity of the AP, ML, VT accelerations during walking. Higher values represent more complex walking patterns, hence walking patterns that are more difficult to coordinate and control effectively. A time-frequency pattern of the energy of the acceleration signal for AP, ML and VT directions. Vertical patterns represent impulse type ABT-737 site activities during the walking cycle. A time-frequency pattern of the energy of the acceleration signal for AP, ML and VT directions. Circular patterns characterise irregular burst like patterns during the walking cycle. A time-frequency pattern of the energy of the acceleration signal for AP, ML and VT directions. Horizontal patterns represent long-term smooth and regular activities. Articles [17,19,22,28?0,36][19]Lyapunov exponent[20]Entropy rate Cross entropy rate[20] [20]Width of the dominant frequency Relative phase analysis[22,31,35,36] [29]Phase coordination index (PCI)[14]Symmetry index (SIindex) Gait asymmetry (SIGA)[27] [27]Symmetry angle (SIangle)[27]Maximum angular velocity ratio (SIratio) Trend symmetry (SItrend)[27][27]LCEA symmetry magnitude (SILCEA) Fractal Brownian Mot.F the acceleration signal. Greater widths, represent greater dispersion and greater variability of the gait pattern. A graphic-based analysis that plots the angular position of a segment against the angular velocity of the same segment. Relative phase analysis provides a measure of the coordination between two adjoining segments (e.g. pelvic and trunk) and the overall stability of this pattern. Stable walking has step times that are approximately half the length of the gait cycle (i.e. 180?of a 360?cycle). Deviation from this expectation is considered an inaccuracy. The PCI is a summary measure that combines this value representing the accuracy with the coefficient of variation, representing consistency, hence the PCI is considered a measure of gait coordination. The SIindex compares movements from one side (e.g. injured) to the other side (e.g. uninjured). Perfect symmetry is represented by zero and larger numbers represent more asymmetry. Mean swing time is calculated for both left and right legs. Gait asymmetry is the natural log (ln) of the swing time of the leg with the shortest swing time divided by the swing time of the leg with the longer swing time. Values closer to zero represent a symmetrical movement pattern. Measures the relationship between discrete values obtained from the left and right side and is derived when the right-side value is plotted against the left-side value to create a line that forms an angle with the x-axis. Angles that deviate from 45?represent some degree of asymmetry. Ratio of the maximum angular velocity of the left leg (averaged over all gait cycles) to maximum angular velocity of the right leg (averaged over all gait cycles). Values that are closer to zero represent better symmetry between the left and right sides of the body. Translated data from the left and right sides of the body are used to derive eigenvectors. Trend symmetry assesses the ratio of the variability about the eigenvector (y-axis) to the variability along the eigenvector (x-axis). A value of zero represents perfect symmetry. Applies a latency corrected ensemble average (LCEA) to assess the correlation between the magnitudes of the signals collected from the left and right sides of the body using a crosscorrelation approach. Larger values represent a greater degree of symmetry. Fractal measures provide an indication of the complexity of the AP, ML, VT accelerations during walking. Higher values represent more complex walking patterns, hence walking patterns that are more difficult to coordinate and control effectively. A time-frequency pattern of the energy of the acceleration signal for AP, ML and VT directions. Vertical patterns represent impulse type activities during the walking cycle. A time-frequency pattern of the energy of the acceleration signal for AP, ML and VT directions. Circular patterns characterise irregular burst like patterns during the walking cycle. A time-frequency pattern of the energy of the acceleration signal for AP, ML and VT directions. Horizontal patterns represent long-term smooth and regular activities. Articles [17,19,22,28?0,36][19]Lyapunov exponent[20]Entropy rate Cross entropy rate[20] [20]Width of the dominant frequency Relative phase analysis[22,31,35,36] [29]Phase coordination index (PCI)[14]Symmetry index (SIindex) Gait asymmetry (SIGA)[27] [27]Symmetry angle (SIangle)[27]Maximum angular velocity ratio (SIratio) Trend symmetry (SItrend)[27][27]LCEA symmetry magnitude (SILCEA) Fractal Brownian Mot.
