Ment of Pun1 such as promoter; sequence alignment of CCR; and sequence alignment of KAS. study. Acknowledgments We thank Dr. Lucas Li, Director Metabolomics Center, and University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, for performing metabolome evaluation. We thank Dr. Doil Choi, Seoul National University, for kindly delivering genomic areas of many genes before publication. Authors thank Laura Smales for important evaluation. Author Contributions Conceived and created the experiments: UKR AA GH PN. Performed the experiments: AA DU VLA SBA. Analyzed the information: UKR AA DC MP PN. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: UKR PN DC MP. Wrote the paper: UKR AA. 9 Polymorphisms among Capsaicin Pathway Genes References 1. FAOStat Out there: http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/DestopDefault. aspxPageID = 567#ancor.FAO. two. Wahyuni Y, Ballester A-R, Sudarmonowati E, Bino RJ, Bovy AG Metabolite biodiversity in pepper fruits of thirty-two diverse accessions: Variation in health-related compounds and implications for breeding. Phytochemistry 72: 13581370. 3. Fujiwake H, Suzuki T, Iwai K Capsaicinoid Formation inside the Protoplast in the Placenta of Capsicum Fruits. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 46: 25912592. 4. Minguez-Mosquera MI, Hornero-Mendez D Separation and quantification in the carotenoid pigments in red peppers, paprika, and oleoresin by reversed-phase HPLC. Journal of Agricultural and Meals Chemistry 41: 16161620. 5. Lee RJ, Yolton 25837696 RL, Yolton DP, Schnider C, Janin ML Private defense sprays: effects and management of exposure. Journal on the American Optometric Association 67: 548560. 6. McCormack P Capsaicin Dermal Patch. Drugs 70: 18311842. 7. Caterina MJ, Schumacher MA, Tominaga M, Rosen TA, Levine JD, et al. The capsaicin receptor: a heat-activated ion channel within the pain pathway. Nature 389: 816824. 8. Marzo VD Signalling at vanilloid TRPV1 channels. European Journal of Biochemistry 271: 18131813. 9. Mazourek M, Pujar A, (��)-Imazamox web Borovsky Y, Paran I, Mueller L, et al. A dynamic interface for capsaicinoid symstems biology. Plant Physiology 150: 18061821. ten. Leete E, Louden MCL Biosynthesis of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin in Capsicum frutescens. Journal of your American Chemical Society 90: 68376841. 11. Kopp B, Jurenitsch J Biosynthese der Capsaicinoide in Capsicum annuum L. var. annuum. Planta Med 43: 272279. 12. Aluru MR, Mazourek M, Landry LG, Curry J, Jahn M, et al. Differential expression of fatty acid synthase genes, Acl, Fat and Kas, in Capsicum fruit. Journal of Experimental Botany 54: 16551664. 13. Abraham-Juarez MR, Rocha-Granados MC, Lopez MG, Rivera-Bustamante RF, Ochoa-Alejo N Virus-induced silencing of Comt, pAmt and Kas genes final results within a reduction of capsaicinoid accumulation in chili pepper fruits. Planta 227: 681695. 14. Dixon RA, Paiva NL Stress-induced phenylpropanoid metabolism. The Plant Cell 7: 10851097. 15. Lacombe E, Hawkins S, Van Doorsselaere J, Piquemal J, Goffner D, et al. Cinnamoyl CoA reductase, the first committed enzyme with the lignin branch biosynthetic pathway: cloning, expression and phylogenetic relationships. The Plant Journal 11: 429441. 16. Lefebvre V, Palloix A, Caranta C, Pochard E Construction of an intraspecific integrated linkage map of pepper applying molecular markers and doubled-haploid progenies. Lecirelin Genome 38: 112121. 17. Blum E, Liu K, Mazourek M, Yoo EY, Jahn M, et al. Molecular mapping from the C locus for presence of pungency in Capsicum. Genome 45: 702705. 18. Blum E, Mazourek M, O’Connell M, Curr.Ment of Pun1 like promoter; sequence alignment of CCR; and sequence alignment of KAS. study. Acknowledgments We thank Dr. Lucas Li, Director Metabolomics Center, and University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, for performing metabolome evaluation. We thank Dr. Doil Choi, Seoul National University, for kindly offering genomic locations of numerous genes just before publication. Authors thank Laura Smales for critical evaluation. Author Contributions Conceived and created the experiments: UKR AA GH PN. Performed the experiments: AA DU VLA SBA. Analyzed the data: UKR AA DC MP PN. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: UKR PN DC MP. Wrote the paper: UKR AA. 9 Polymorphisms among Capsaicin Pathway Genes References 1. FAOStat Obtainable: http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/DestopDefault. aspxPageID = 567#ancor.FAO. two. Wahyuni Y, Ballester A-R, Sudarmonowati E, Bino RJ, Bovy AG Metabolite biodiversity in pepper fruits of thirty-two diverse accessions: Variation in health-related compounds and implications for breeding. Phytochemistry 72: 13581370. three. Fujiwake H, Suzuki T, Iwai K Capsaicinoid Formation within the Protoplast in the Placenta of Capsicum Fruits. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 46: 25912592. four. Minguez-Mosquera MI, Hornero-Mendez D Separation and quantification in the carotenoid pigments in red peppers, paprika, and oleoresin by reversed-phase HPLC. Journal of Agricultural and Meals Chemistry 41: 16161620. 5. Lee RJ, Yolton 25837696 RL, Yolton DP, Schnider C, Janin ML Private defense sprays: effects and management of exposure. Journal of the American Optometric Association 67: 548560. six. McCormack P Capsaicin Dermal Patch. Drugs 70: 18311842. 7. Caterina MJ, Schumacher MA, Tominaga M, Rosen TA, Levine JD, et al. The capsaicin receptor: a heat-activated ion channel in the pain pathway. Nature 389: 816824. 8. Marzo VD Signalling at vanilloid TRPV1 channels. European Journal of Biochemistry 271: 18131813. 9. Mazourek M, Pujar A, Borovsky Y, Paran I, Mueller L, et al. A dynamic interface for capsaicinoid symstems biology. Plant Physiology 150: 18061821. ten. Leete E, Louden MCL Biosynthesis of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin in Capsicum frutescens. Journal from the American Chemical Society 90: 68376841. 11. Kopp B, Jurenitsch J Biosynthese der Capsaicinoide in Capsicum annuum L. var. annuum. Planta Med 43: 272279. 12. Aluru MR, Mazourek M, Landry LG, Curry J, Jahn M, et al. Differential expression of fatty acid synthase genes, Acl, Fat and Kas, in Capsicum fruit. Journal of Experimental Botany 54: 16551664. 13. Abraham-Juarez MR, Rocha-Granados MC, Lopez MG, Rivera-Bustamante RF, Ochoa-Alejo N Virus-induced silencing of Comt, pAmt and Kas genes final results inside a reduction of capsaicinoid accumulation in chili pepper fruits. Planta 227: 681695. 14. Dixon RA, Paiva NL Stress-induced phenylpropanoid metabolism. The Plant Cell 7: 10851097. 15. Lacombe E, Hawkins S, Van Doorsselaere J, Piquemal J, Goffner D, et al. Cinnamoyl CoA reductase, the very first committed enzyme with the lignin branch biosynthetic pathway: cloning, expression and phylogenetic relationships. The Plant Journal 11: 429441. 16. Lefebvre V, Palloix A, Caranta C, Pochard E Building of an intraspecific integrated linkage map of pepper applying molecular markers and doubled-haploid progenies. Genome 38: 112121. 17. Blum E, Liu K, Mazourek M, Yoo EY, Jahn M, et al. Molecular mapping from the C locus for presence of pungency in Capsicum. Genome 45: 702705. 18. Blum E, Mazourek M, O’Connell M, Curr.
