Rus levels [11,12]. Nevertheless, the identification of phosphorus-containing additives via labeling as
Rus levels [11,12]. Having said that, the identification of phosphorus-containing additives through labeling as an educational objective has been also highlighted [13]. The restricted current proof suggests a similar behavior of additives and salts with potassium, the bioavailability of which seems to become close to the one hundred [14,15]. As a result, wider depth expertise of potassium additives, too as food-containing these additives is crucial for the dietary management of CKD sufferers and the development of educational tools and material to prevent hyperkalemia in these patients. The aim of this study was to analyze which EU authorized meals additives include potassium, in which foods its inclusion is allowed and the maximum level permitted. Additionally, the frequency of look of these additives in processed foods in European Union by way of the analysis of their labeling was evaluated. two. AAPK-25 Activator Components and Strategies two.1. Analysis of Existing European Meals Additives Legislation A detailed evaluation with the existing legislation on authorized additives at European level was carried out, particularly Commission Regulation (EU) no.1129/2011 [16] amending Annex II in the Regulation (CE) no.1333/2008 on the European Parliament and from the Council to establish a list of meals additives in the Union [17], and subsequent modifications. From it the following facts was obtained: (1) (two) (three) What meals additives contain potassium in their chemical formulation. In which meals categories are every of them allowed. The maximum amount of each and every additive allowed as outlined by meals categories.2.2. Potassium Content material in Potassium-Additives Determined by the information BMS-986094 Technical Information obtained from the preceding analysis, the actual relevance with respect for the weight of potassium within the chemical formula with the additive molecule was evaluated. For this, firstly, the chemical structure, molecular weight and purity of each and every potassium additive had been obtained from Regulation (EU) no.231/2012 [18] and subsequent modifications. Then, the proportion, by weight, of the potassium atom (or atoms) inside the molecular weight of your additive was calculated. It was also taken into account the purity degree of each and every additive usually found within the market place. Lastly, all potassium additives had been classified into three groups: (i) additives with low potassium content material (LKC) if potassium represented 25 with the molecule weight, (ii) additives with moderate potassium content material (MKC) if potassium weight represented in between 25 and 40 in the total molecule weight and (iii) higher potassium content material (HKC) additives when the weight of potassium was 40 or additional from the additive total weight. two.three. Label Analysis A cross-sectional design and style was utilized to examine the presence and frequency of look of potassium additives in three European nations: France, Germany, and Spain. We analyzed the labeling of processed products belonging to the food categories in which the additives selected for the study have been authorized. Twelve meals categories have been analyzed: dairy items and derivatives, ice creams, cereals and derivatives, fruit/vegetables and derivatives, meat derivatives, fish-seafood and derivatives, non-alcoholic beverages,Nutrients 2021, 13,three ofsauces, snacks and confectionery, breaded merchandise, ready-to-eat foods and vegan products. Breaded products, ready-to-eat foods, and vegan products categories are not particularly classified in Commission Regulation (EU) no.1129/2011 [16]. On the other hand, its inclusion within the analysis is relevant since these groups eng.
