Members had been up-regulated and 1 member was down-regulated at 8 DAH; 1 AP2/EREBP member was up-regulated and 1 member down-regulated at 12 DAH; two AP2/EREBP members have been downregulated at 16 DAH. OsEREBP2, that is drastically inducible in response to ABA [53], was down-regulated at 16 DAH, indicating that OsEREBP2 could possibly play an essential function inside the transcriptional network and contribute to the improvement of caryopsis. An AP2/ EREBP member RSR1 was reported to become involved in rice chalkiness formation by regulating starch synthesis [35]. It suggested that the differentially expression on the AP2/EREBP may possibly contribute to the improvement of caryopsis. WRKYs showed dramatic changes from eight to 16 DAH. WRKY102 and WRKY21 have been up-regulated, and WRKY8 and WRKY64 had been down-regulatedTable 1 DEGs encoding TFs differentially BRDT drug expressed in X11 vs. X7, X24 vs. X7, and X11 vs. X24 at eight DAH, 12 DAH and 16 DAHFamily 8 DAH X11 vs. X7 Up MYB GRAS bZIP AP2 GATA NAC MADS WRKY TCP 14 three 2 8 0 0 1 ten 0 Down 6 1 three 8 0 0 1 6 0 X24 vs. X7 Up 9 0 0 five 0 0 0 three 0 Down 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 two 0 X11 vs. X24 Up 4 two 0 2 0 0 1 six 0 Down 7 0 2 ten 0 0 0 3 1 12 DAH X11 vs. X7 Up six 1 two five 0 0 0 7 0 Down two 0 3 3 0 0 1 4 0 X24 vs. X7 Up 15 2 0 4 0 two 0 8 1 Down 7 1 1 5 two 0 1 eight 0 X11 vs. X24 Up ten 1 3 8 1 0 0 8 0 Down 13 1 1 4 0 two 1 11 0 16 DAH X11 vs. X7 Up 12 0 0 1 0 0 2 six 0 Down five 0 2 6 1 0 0 six 0 X24 vs. X7 Up 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Down 17 8 three 26 six 0 0 19 9 X11 vs. X24 Up 18 7 4 19 4 0 0 17 six Down three 0 0 1 0 0 1 3Numbers of DEGs encoding TFs differentially expressed with statistical significance (P-value 0.05 and |Log2foldchange(FC)| 1) are shown; Up: up-regulated; Down: down-regulatedXie et al. BMC Plant Biol(2021) 21:Page 12 ofFig. 7 Expression patterns of DEGHL encoding TFs obtained at eight DAH, 12 DAH and 16 DAH, that are shown as log2Foldchange levels. DEGHL had been differentially expressed with statistical significance (P-value 0.05 and |Log2foldchange(FC)| 1)at eight DAH. WRKY116 and WRKY72 had been down-regulated at 12 DAH, and WRKY58, WRKY25 and WRKY76 have been down-regulated at 16 DAH. Numerous research have shown that the majority of WRKY family members are involved in response to biotic and/or abiotic stresses [547]. OsWRKY8, which was reported to be induced by ABA [58], was down-regulated at 8 DAH. OsWRKY76 [59], which was reported to become induced by ABA, was down-regulated at 12 DAH and 16 DAH. The results indicated that OsWRKY8 and OsWRKY76 could play regulating function at the entire grain filling stage by way of the interaction with ABA. Cga1 (GATA member) was reported to become induced the expression by gibberellin [60], it showed decreased expression at 16 DAH. These benefits suggested that TFs show distinct patterns at diverse stages to regulate the improvement of caryopsis and chalkiness formation by means of the interactions with phytohormones.Differential gene expression of kinases interacted with phytohormones to regulate chalkiness formationSome protein kinases (PKs) are involved in phytohormonal signaling [61]. Plant AGC kinases mediate auxin signaling to regulate development and morphogenesis of plant [62]. TKL had been reported to play essential roles in plant response to several external signals [63]. One example is, the leucinerich repeat (LRR) receptor-like PKs BRI1 and BAK1 had been involved in BR signal transduction in Arabidopsis [64, 65]. Furthermore, OsRPK1 participated in ABA signaling pathway [66]. Quite a few CDPKs had been shown to be critical variables in abiotic anxiety IL-10 web tolerance by modulating ABA.
