Ed complete cLN cells from RSK1 Synonyms immunized mice survived without the need of severe vaginal inflammation within the face of challenge with 103 PFU (1.six LD50) of IVAG WT HSV-2. In contrast, mice that received cells from unimmunized donors alldied after the development of high viral titers in vaginal washes, as well as purulent genital lesions and hind-limb paralysis (Fig. 6A). As opposed to the mice that had received complete cLN cells from i.n.-immunized mice, mice to which we had adoptively transferred CD4 T cells alone have been not protected (Fig. 6B). Thus, HSV2-specific CD4 T cells alone prepared from the cLNs of i.n.-immunized mice have been not adequate for protection; the enable of other cell types was possibly essential. Intranasal immunization with HSV-2 TK induces longlasting retention of HSV-2-specific IFN- –secreting effector T cells inside the vaginal tissues. The findings described above led us to measure the numbers of HSV-2-specific effector T cells. HSV-2specific IFN- -secreting cells have been detected within the vaginas of i.n.immunized mice at three weeks (Fig. 7A) and 6 weeks (data not shown) p.i. without the need of IVAG HSV-2 challenge; the numbers of these cells were minimal inside the vaginas of i.p.-immunized mice, P-glycoprotein Synonyms although related levels of effector T cells were detected within the spleens of i.p.- and i.n.-immunized mice at 1 and 3 weeks p.i. (Fig. 7A and B). Interestingly, HSV-2-specific effector T cells appeared atDecember 2014 Volume 88 Numberjvi.asm.orgSato et al.FIG four Effector CD4 T cells are generated by antigen-harboring dendritic cells inside the cLNs and obtain the ability to migrate into systemic tissues. (A) CD4 cells have been isolated at the time points indicated around the x axis from the cLNs or iLNs of mice immunized with HSV-2 TK and stimulated with antigen-presenting cells in the absence or presence of added heat-inactivated virus. IFNsecreted from T cells was measured by ELISA. (B) CD11c cells were isolated at the time points indicated around the x axis in the cLNs or iLNs of mice immunized intranasally with HSV-2 TK . The cells were then cocultured with CD4 T cells isolated from the cLNs of mice immunized i.n. 7 days previously with HSV-2 TK (i.e., HSV-specific CD4 T cells) in the absence or presence of added heat-inactivated virus. IFN- secreted from T cells was measured by ELISA. (A and B) The outcomes are representative of 3 similar experiments. d, day. The error bars indicate SD.FIG 5 Mice immunized intranasally with HSV-2 TK have enhanced numbers of nonproliferating CD4 T cells in their vaginal tissues following IVAG infection with HSV-2. (A) CD4 T cells isolated in the cervical lymph nodes of i.n.-immunized mice or unimmunized congenic mice or from the periportal lymph nodes of i.p.-immunized congenic mice (CD45.1) had been adoptively transferred to C57BL/6 mice (CD45.2), which have been then challenged IVAG with WT HSV-2. Just after three days, CD4 T cells (anti-CD4; red), donor-derived cells (anti-CD45.1; green), and nuclei (DAPI [4=,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole]; blue) have been visualized. The epithelial layer is indicated by yellow arrowheads (luminal edge) and white arrowheads (basement membrane). (B and C) 3 mice in each and every group have been immunized using a single i.n. or i.p. dose of 105 PFU of HSV-2 TK . Three weeks postimmunization, the mice have been challenged IVAG with five 104 PFU of WT HSV-2. (B) At day 0 (challenge ) and day 1 (challenge ) after IVAG challenge with HSV-2, the percentage of proliferating CD4 T cells inside the vaginal tissues was determined by BrdU incorporation assay. Absolute numb.
